GStreamer
Briefly, GStreamer is an open source multimedia application framework that works on a variety of OSs. An application framework allows you to build multimedia applications - audio and video - using the plethora of codes that are currently available (e.g. audio: mp3, ogg-vorbis, aac,… video: VC1, WMV, AVI, Flash, H.264, etc.)
GStreamer is an alternative to Microsoft’s DirectShow.
Embedded Systems
With the increasing sophistication of embeded systems there is a desire to support enhanced functionality like multimedia playback on those systems. TI for example, is known as a major supplier of embedded DSPs for the mobile device market (e.g. cell phones). I have talked to some people at TI who are part of the team porting GStreamer on TI DSPs.
wxPython + GStreamer
On the practical side, if you actually want to create applications that uses GStreamer as the multimedia framework, I found this awesome tutorial about how to write a wxPython video applicaiton using GStreamer. If anyone is unfamiliar with wxPython, I can definitely recommend it. From what I have read about wxPython, the designers made an effort to call the native API of whatever platform the application is running on, so the GUI actually looks like a native application across windows, linux and mac os x.
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